Independent Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission will enforce the anti corruption and economic crimes act and other present and future statutes that have some anti-corruption and economic crimes related provisions.

The enactment of the Bill will provide the framework for investigations, prosecution of corruption suspects and assets recovery.

The commission will have a chairperson and six other members. It will have a secretariat to be headed by a secretary who will also be secretary to the commission.

Supreme Court of Kenya will have exclusive original jurisdiction to hear and determine disputes relating to presidential elections and appellate jurisdiction to hear and determine appeals from the Court of Appeal and any other court or tribunal. The appeals will involve the interpretation or application of the Constitution and any other the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeal certifies as of general public importance.

The Supreme Court of Kenya may also give an opinion at the request of the national Government, State organ, or county government with respect to county governments. All courts, other than the Supreme Court, are bound by its decisions. The judges will be appointed by the President with the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission.

It also gives the State power to regulate private land. A classic example is the 117-year-old Married Women’s Property Act of 1882 targeted for repeal to pave way for a more responsive and modem matrimonial Act sympathetic to spouses whose contribution to the matrimonial property cannot be quantified.

To correct historical injustices, the land policy seeks to go as far back as 1895 when Kenya became a colony under the British. Pastoralists will benefit from the repeal of the Group Representatives Act so that individual rights are recognized yet ensure they maintain their unique land use.

At the Coast, the Government will make an inventory of its land at the 10-mile strip, and vest it under com-munities, which will hold it in trust for the residents. Currently, much land at the Coast is in the hands of powerful families, some absent landlords, who charge ground rent.

Some of the land is idle and thousands of people who live on it are squatters. At the same time, the Government hopes to establish public plots along the coast for recreation, and open up access roads to the beach. The construction of walls along the high water mark will be regulated.

Kenya National Land Commission will also investigate present or historical land injustices and recommend redress, encourage the application of traditional dispute resolution mechanisms in land conflicts, assess tax on land and premiums on immovable property and have over-sight over land use.

Any land whose lease was beyond this like the 999 leaseholds held by some multinational companies or individuals the provision will revert to 99-year leaseholds.

Other lands that fall into this category are water catchment areas, national parks, Government animal sanctuaries, roads, rivers, lakes and other water bodies, the territorial sea, the exclusive economic zone and the sea bed.

The continental shelf, land between the high and low water marks and any land not classified as private or community land also fall in this category. In the county, public land will be held in trust for the people by a county government and administered on their behalf by the national Land Commission.

Other pieces of land will be held by the national government in trust for the people and administered on their behalf by the National Land Commission.

The new Constitution (Chapters Sections 60-68) classifies into public, private and community and points out that all land in Kenya belongs to the people collectively as a nation, communities and individuals.

Illiterate tribal chiefs were duped to sign away their land for minor gifts such as blankets. And this marked the genesis of a complex land problem, which has on several occasions threatened to tear the country apart.

Land theft had prompted Kenyans to pick up arms against the colonialists to get it back and liberate their people who hail been reduced to squatters own country. The colonialists eventually relinquished power, but the land question has not been conclusively resolved.

The measures approximately 582km square. Of the total area, 97.8 per cent is land, while 2.2 per cent is covered by water. But only 20 per cent of it is suitable for agriculture. The rest is arid and semi-arid. The pressure on the land is high as more than 75 per cent of the population lives in the arable parts.

Even after independence in 1963, colonial settlers continued to hold large swathes of land as they had 999-year leases. The colonial government established two systems of land ownership: Customary and statutory fewer than 17 statutes.